Course Content and Goals:
About four hundred years ago, Galileo wrote
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"The book of the universe is written in the
language of mathematics." |
Although the language of mathematics has evolved over time,
the statement has as much validity today as it did when it
was written. In Mathematics 1b you will become more
well-versed in the language of modern mathematics and learn
about its applications to other disciplines.
Math 1b is a second semester calculus course for
students who have previously been introduced to the basic
ideas of differential and integral calculus. Over the semester
we will study three (related) topics, topics that form a
central part of the language of modern science:
- infinite
series and the representation of functions by infinite
polynomials known as power series,
- applications and techniques of integration,
- differential equations.
The material we take up in this
course has applications in physics, chemistry, biology,
enviromental science, astronomy, economics, and statistics.
We want you to leave the course not only with computational
ability, but with the ability to use these notions in their
natural scientific contexts, and with an appreciation of their
mathematical beauty and power.
We will start the semester by studying infinite sums. You
already are aware that a rational number such as
can be represented by an infinite sum, (
, for
the case at hand). Actually, irrational numbers such as e and
have representations as infinite
sums as well. In fact, we will find that many functions, such as
and can be represented by infinite
polynomials known as power series. Polynomial approximations
based on these power series representations are widely used by
engineers, physicists, and many other scientists.
In your previous math courses you may have seen functions
represented by integrals. For example, can be
represented by
. Integrals can be
used in many contexts. The definite integral enables us to
tackle many problems, including determining the net change in
amount given a varying density. In the second unit of the
course we will revisit integration. First we'll study the
integration analogues of both the Product Rule and Chain Rule
for differentiation and briefly touch on some alternative
transformations of integrals that enable us to tackle them
more efficiently. The goal is not to transform you into an
integration automaton (we live in the computer age), but to
have you acquire familiarity with the techniques and the
ability to apply them to some standard situations. More
important is the ability to apply the integration as
appropriate in problem solving; we will devote
time to developing your skill in doing this.
We will end with
differential equations, equations modeling rates of change.
Differential equations permeate quantitative analysis
throughout the sciences (in physics, chemistry, biology,
enviromental science, astronomy) and social sciences. In a
beautiful and succinct way they provide a wealth of
information. By the end of the course you will appreciate the
power and usefulness differential equations and you will see
how the work we have done with both series and integration
comes into play in analyzing their solutions.
Text:
Single Variable Calculus: Concepts and Contexts by James Stewart.
Second edition, Brooks/Cole 2001. This text is available at the
Harvard Coop. There will be supplementary material available
as well.
Problem Sessions:
Each section of Math 1b has a
Course Assistant who will be in class, collect and correct
homework assignments, and hold weekly problem
sessions. These problem sessions are part of the course and
will be generally be devoted to working problems and
amplifying the lecture material. The pace of the course is
rather fast, so these sessions should be particularly
valuable to you in learning the material. A schedule of all
problem sessions will be posted outside the Calculus Office
(SC 308) and posted on the course web site; feel free to go
to any Math 1b Course Assistant's Problem Session.
Periodically there may will be group exercises scheduled
during problem sessions - `homework' exercises meant to be
worked on as a group and facilitated by a Course Assistant.
You will be notified by e-mail when problem sessions will be
utilized in this way.
Homework:
Problems are an integral part of the
course; it is virtually impossible to learn the material and
to do well in the course without working through the
homework problems in a thoughtful manner. Don't just crank
through computations and write down answers; think about
the problems posed, the strategy you employ, the meaning of
the computations you perform, and the answers you get. It is
often in this reflection that the greatest learning takes
place.
An assignment will be given at each class meeting. Unless
otherwise specified, the assignment is due at the following
class meeting and will be returned, graded, at the subsequent
class. If you miss a class, then you are responsible for
obtaining the assignment and handing it in on time. Solutions put
together by the course assistants will be
available on the course website. When your homework assignments
are returned to you, you can consult the solutions for help
with any mistakes you might have made. Problem sets must
be turned in on time. When computing your final homework
grade, your lowest two homework scores will be dropped if
you are in a TTh section and your lowest three homework
scores will be dropped if you are in a MWF section.
Note that homework problems will sometimes look a bit
different from problems specifically explicitly discussed in
class. To do mathematics you need to think about the
material, not simply follow recipes. (Following preset
recipes is something computers are great at. We want you to
be able to do more than this.) Giving you problems different
from those done in class is consistent with our goal of
teaching you the art of applying ideas of integration and
differentiation to different contexts. Feel free to use a
calculator or computer to check or investigate problems for
homework. However, an answer with the explanation `` because
my calculator says so" will not receive credit. Use the
calculator as a learning tool, not as a crutch. Calculators
will not be allowed on examinations due in part to equity
issues.
You are welcome to collaborate with other students on solving
homework problems; in fact, you are encouraged to do so, and we
will provided you with contact information for your classmates
in order to faciliate that. However, write-ups you hand
in must be your own work, you must be comfortable
explaining what you have written, and there must be a
written acknowledgement of collaboration with the names of
you coworkers.
Odd-numbered problems are solved in the Student Solution
Manual; some coies will be put on reserve in the Cabot Science
Library. After working on the problems on your own, you are
free to consult this manual provided you acknowledge the use
of this manual in your submitted work. (This is a standard
rule of ethics.)
Exams:
Exams are common and given in the
evenings. Please keep these exam dates free from conflicts:
| Exam 1 |
March 5 (Tuesday) |
7:00 - 9:00 pm |
SC C |
| Technique Test |
March 19 (Tuesday) |
7:00 - 8:00 pm. |
SC C |
| Exam 2 |
April 22 (Monday) |
7:00 - 9:00 pm |
SC C
and SC A |
| Final Exam |
May 16 (Thursday) |
TBA |
TBA
|
There will be an optional Technique re-Test
available on Wednesday. April. 3: 7:00 - 8:00 in SC D. The higher
of your two scores counts in the computation of your course
grade. The first test is not optional.
Calculators will not be allowed on examinations, due in
part to equity issues. We will make sure that problems on the
exams require minimal calculation to allow you to spend your
time demostrating your mathematical knowledge as opposed to
your calculating ability. We expect you to express your
ideas, line of reasoning, and answers clearly.
Grading Policy:
Your course grade will be determined as follows:
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exam score: |
Take the higher of
- 25% first exam + 25% second exam + 10% technique test + 40% Final Exam
- 15% first exam + 20% second exam + 5% technique test + 60% Final Exam
|
|
course score:
|
Take the higher of
- 85% exam score + 15% homework
- 80% exam score + 20% homework
|
Sources of Academic Support:
In addition to your section leader's office hours (hours
that you are free to come talk with him or her without
appointment) and your Course Assistant's problem session,
there is a
Math Question Center in Loker Common.
The Math Question Center is open from 8:00 to 10:00
PM every evening except for Fridays and Saturdays. The
Math Question Center is staffed by both section
leaders and course assistants. You can go there for help or
simply to find other students with whom to discuss your
work.
A schedule of all Math 1b problem sessions will be
posted on the course website. You are welcome to go to any
and as many problem sessions as you like.
Course Head
Robin Gottlieb Science
Center 429, (617) 495-7882,
gottlieb@math.harvard.edu.
Tentative week-by-week syllabus
- Week of Febr. 4 - 8
Geometric Sums and Geometric
Series.
Introduce the general idea of convergence of an
infinite series.
Infinite series in general.
N'th term test for convergence. Harmonic series.
Determining convergence by
comparison to another series or to an improper integral.
- Week of Feb. 11 - 15
Alternating Series Test and
accompanying error estimate. Absolute convergence.
The Ratio Test.
Power Series. Getting new power series from old ones by
substitution, differentiation and integration.
Representations of Functions as Power
Series.
- Week of Feb. 19 - 22
Taylor polynomials and approximating functions by
polynomials.
The Taylor
remainder and Taylor's Inequality.
Taylor series and MacLaurin
Series.
- Week of Feb. 25- March 1
Applications of Taylor
Polynomials.
Series Review and Recap
- Tuesday, March 5th: Exam 1 in SC C
at 7:00 pm
- Week of March. 4 - 8
Functions as integrals. The Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus.
Integration by substitution.
Integration by Parts.
- Week of March. 11- 15
Partial fractions and additional techniques of
integration involving more sophisticated substitutions.
Using series to integrate.
Approximating definite integrals.
- Technique Test: 7:00-8:00
SC C on Tuesday, March 19
- Week of March 18 - March 22
Improper integrals.
Applications of integration. Slicing
problems: Total mass from density, total population from
population density, etc.
Areas and Volumes
- Technique Test: Optional Take Two 7:00-8:00
SC D on Wednesday, April 3rd
- Week of April 1 - April 5
Applications of integration:
volumes, arc
length, average value, work, hydrostatic pressure and
fluid force.
- Week of April 8 - 12
Probability
Modeling with differential
equations.
What does it mean to
solve a differential equation?
Getting information without solving
- Week of April 15 - 19
Directions fields and
Euler's method.
Autonomous first order
differential equations: Qualitative analysis of solutions.
Solving separable differential equations.
- Monday, April 22: Exam 2 in SC C
at 7:00 pm
- Week of April 22 - 26
Using series to solve differential equations.
Systems of differential
equations: for example, predator-prey systems.
Exponential growth versus logistic
growth.
- Week of April 29 - May 3
Vibrating springs: second order linear
homogeneous differential equations
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